rationally explaining and epistemologically defending the creedal principles of Muslims. With the Muslim world’s entry into modernity and the emergence of new epistemological and philosophical challenges, the need to reconsider the identity and function of this discipline became more pressing. In this context, Egyptian philosopher and thinker Hassan Hanafi, in his extensive intellectual project “Heritage and Renewal” and especially in his major work “From Creed to Revolution,” critiqued the foundations of traditional kalam and reinterpreted it as a practical philosophy for human liberation and social transformation. This study, using an analytical-critical method, examines the epistemological and methodological foundations of Hanafi’s view on the principles and foundations of kalam, analyzing the implications of shifting its subject from “divine essence and attributes” to “human being and history.” Findings show that while Hanafi’s critiques of traditional kalam demonstrate notable analytical boldness and methodological significance, his approach suffers from conceptual reductionism, dominance of ideological presuppositions, and neglect of the historical and epistemological dimensions of kalam, lacking sufficient theoretical coherence. Moreover, replacing kalam’s theological mission with a revolutionary and humanistic one paves the way for gradual secularization of religious knowledge and transformation of kalam into a tool serving political-social objectives. Consequently, Hanafi’s reconstruction project cannot be regarded as a revival of kalam but rather a transition from theology to ideology—a shift that endangers the transcendent and authentic identity of Islamic kalam.